Abstract
Racial dynamics in borderland regions reveal how state policies and social hierarchies amplify discrimination against marginalized groups. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this analysis demonstrates how community resilience and identity negotiation shape resistance to systemic racism in these contested spaces.
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Running head: NAVIGATING RACISM AND DISCRIMINATION IN BORDERLINE
Navigating Racism and Discrimination in Borderline Communities
Phoebessays
February 12, 2026
Abstract
Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination in Borderline Communities References Burt, C. H., Simons, R. L., & Gibbons, F. X. (2012). Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Crime: A Micro-sociological Model of Risk and Resilience. American sociological review, 77(4), 648–677. https://doi.org/10.1177/[phone]448648 Holder, A. M., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life. American psychologist, 62, 271-286. Kressin, N. R., Raymond, K. L., & Manze, M. (2008). Perceptions of race/ethnicity-based discrimination: a review of measures and evaluation of their usefulness for the health care setting. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 19(3), 697–730. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0041 Lee, R. T., Perez, A. D., Boykin, C. M., & Mendoza-Denton, R. (2019). On the prevalence of racial discrimination in the United States. PloS one, 14(1), e0210698. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210698 Pager, D., & Shepherd, H. (2008). The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets. Annual review of sociology, 34, 181–209. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.[phone]40 Priest, N., Slopen, N., Woolford, S., Philip, J. T., Singer, D., Kauffman, A. D., ... & Williams, D. (2018). Correction: Stereotyping across intersections of race and age: Racial stereotyping among White adults working with children. PLoS One, 13(10), e0205614. Sawyer, P. J., Major, B., Casad, B. J., Townsend, S. S., & Mendes, W. B. (2012). Discrimination and the stress response: psychological and physiological consequences of anticipating prejudice in interethnic interactions. American journal of public health, 102(5), 1020–1026. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300620 Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., & Davis, B. A. (2019). Racism and Health: Evidence and Needed Research. Annual review of public health, 40, 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-[phone]50 Wingfield, A. H., & Chavez, K. (2020). Getting In, Getting Hired, Getting Sideways Looks: Organizational Hierarchy and Perceptions of Racial Discrimination. American Sociological Review, 85(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/[phone]894335
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